What is sodium molybdate?

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Sodium molybdate is always used as

What is it ?
Sodium molybdate, Na2MoO4, is useful as a source of molybdenum. It is often found as the dihydrate, Na2MoO4·2H2O.

The molybdate anion is tetrahedral. Two sodium cations coordinate with every one anion.

History:
Sodium molybdate was first synthesized by the method of hydration.  A more convenient synthesis is done by dissolving MoO3 in sodium hydroxide at 50–70 °C and crystallizing the filtered product. The anhydrous salt is prepared by heating to 100 °C.

MoO3 + 2NaOH + H2O → Na2MoO4·2H2O

Reactions:
When reacted with sodium borohydride, molybdenum is reduced to a lower valent oxide:
Na2MoO4 + NaBH4 + 2H2O→ NaBO2 + MoO2 + 2NaOH+ 3 H2

Sodium molybdate reacts with the acids of dithiophosphates:
Na2MoO4 + (RO)2PS2H (R = Me, Et) → [MoO2(S2P(OR)2)2] which further reacts to form [MoO3(S2P(OR)2)4].

The agriculture industry uses 1 million pounds per year as a fertilizer. In particular, its use has been suggested for treatment of whiptail in broccoli and cauliflower in molybdenum-deficient soils. However, care must be taken because at a level of 0.3 ppm sodium molybdate can cause copper deficiencies in animals, particularly cattle.

It is used in industry for corrosion inhibition, as it is a non-oxidizing anodic inhibitor. The addition of sodium molybdate significantly reduces the nitrite requirement of fluids inhibited with nitrite-amine, and improves the corrosion protection of carboxylate salt fluids.

Sodium Molybdate

Applications:
In industrial water treatment applications where galvanic corrosion is a potential due to bimetallic construction, the application of sodium molybdate is preferred over sodium nitrite. Sodium molybdate has the advantage in that the dosing of lower ppm’s of molybdate allow for lower conductivity of the circulating water. Sodium molybdate at levels of 50-100 ppm offer the same levels of corrosion inhibition that sodium nitrite at levels of 800+ ppm. By utilizing lower concentrations of sodium molybdate, conductivity is kept at a minimum and thus galvanic corrosion potentials are decreased.

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